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在文章中，作者总是要通过许多具体内容(Details)来说明、解释、证明或分析文章的主题思想。在通读全文、掌握了文章主题思想的基础上，读者还应该抓住阐述和发展主题思想的主要事实，或者按要求找出特定细节，这是通过阅读获取信息的重要能力。 在通读全文的过程中，我们要特别注意涉及who, what, when, where和why均可找到回答。但是，需要注意的是，这些问题的表述常常不是采用文章中的原话，而是使用同义的词语来进行提问。因此，在回答此类问题时，首先要认真审题看清问题提问的是什么。然后，根据所涉及到的问题，快速扫视到文章中相应的部分，找到与答题内容相关的关键词或短语，再细读一、两遍。在确信理解了原文的基础上来确定正确答案。在查到的关键词句下面应划线，以引起注意，便于记忆与复查。此外，如果回答此类问题需要读者具有一定的背景知识，那也只是最基本的常识。因此，切勿脱离文中内容而根据自己的想像或其它来源的知识来选择答案。 在回答此类问题时，应注意以下几个问题： 一、当问及时间、距离以及其它用数字表示的细节时，有时需要进行计算方能得出答案。此时要把计算过程简单列出，不可随意心算一下即确定答案。 例一：Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question. The Flag of the U.S. — The Stars and Stripes The history of the flag of the U. S. has become so cluttered by myth that hardly any facts can be established. One thing all agree on is that the Stars and Stripes originated as the result of a resolution adopted by Congress June 14, 1777. It read:Resolved: that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes,alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation. The flag of 1777 was used until 1795. Then, on the admission of Vermont and Kentucky to the Union, Congress passed an act that after May 1, 1795, the flag should have 15 stripes and 15 stars. When new states were admitted it became evident that the flag would become burdened with stripes. Congress thereupon ordered that after July 4, 1818, the flag should have 13 stripes, symbolizing the 13 original states; that the union have 20 stars, and that whenever a new state was admitted a new star should be added on the July 4 following the admission. The 50 — star flag of the United States was raised for the first time officially on July 4, 1960, at Fort McHenry in Baltimore. The 50th star had been added for Hawaii, a year earlier the 49th, for Alaska. Before that, no star had been added since 1912, when New Mexico and Arizona were admitted to the Union. 1) Since 1777, the U.S. flag has changed its design ___________ . (A) twice (B) 3 times (C) 5 times (D) more than 5 times 2) In 1912, before July 4, the U. S. flag had ___________ . (A) 15 stars (B) 20 stars (C) 46 stars (D) 48 stars 3) The 49th and 50th states to join the U.S.A. were, in their correct order, ___________ . (A) Alaska and Hawaii (B) Hawaii and Alaska (C) New Mexico and Arizona (D) Arizona and New Mexico 4) Congress decided in 1818 that the U.S. flag should have 13 stripes because ___________ . (A) since 1777 |
